Study of IT in Pakistan

 

Results based on face-to-face interviews in 7,000 households in eight cities of Pakistan conducted in the months of February-March 2001

 

Prepared Exclusively for

 IT & Telecommunications Division, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of Pakistan

 

Table of Contents

 

 

• Introduction ……………………………. 1-2

• Highlights ……………………………          3

 

• Summary of Findings ……………….          4-17

• Presentation Tables ……………….          18-61

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

Ministry of Science & Technology Government of Pakistan commissioned a study to determine the position of IT industry in the country. The study was entrusted to Gallup/BRB and KPMG. Several streams of enquiry including In-depth interviews, Focus group discussions and quantitative surveys of professionals and users were initiated. However to get the big picture a households survey was conducted. It covered 7000 households, selected through multistage stratified random sampling, in eight major cities of Pakistan (constituting about half of country’s urban population).

 

The study was conducted in February / March 2001. Information about incidence of computer literate population, computer owning households, computer usage, E-mail / Internet usage and awareness, usage, expertise and experience of different languages and packages, computer education etc. was collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaires drawn with the help of findings of the exploratory qualitative research, in which issues and dimensions of enquiry were identified.

 

 

 

The findings presented in these documents are based on the responses of the individuals about their claims of usage, experiences and expertise.

 

The figures have been projected on the basis of number of households, number of 5+ yrs population and number of 15+ population of the cities covered in this study, as per census figures of 1998 adjusted for the growth in population.

 

The document presents the over-all cumulative findings. City wise results are available in the statistical tables.

 

We hope that these findings will sketch the “Big Picture” of the IT industry in the country. Although it does not provide all finer details, but this sketch will help in future planning for progress in the desired direction.

 

The Researchers are thankful to the Ministry of Science and Technology in general and Mr. Wahaj-us-Siraj in particular for appreciating the difficulties in this pioneering research work, providing necessary support and advice where ever possible and bearing with us.

 

HIGHLIGHTS

• There are about Two Million (15+ yrs) Computer Literate including students. 800,000 of them are employed.
• About 500,000 Computer Literate use the Computers at their employment / business places.
• Computer Literate (employed) with three years or more of experience in some of computer fields are as under:

 

	a-	Programming (any level)	–	40,000
	b-	Hardware repair etc	–	34,000
	c-	Data Base Management	–	29,000
	d-	Net working	–	12,000

• There are about 1,300,000 E-mail / Internet Users (5+ yrs).
• Computer Literate with three years or more experience in some languages / packages are as under:

 

Visual Basic	–	12,000
Oracle	–	12,000
C++	–	11,000
Basic	–	10,000

• 50,000 Computer Literate from these cities are working abroad in IT / Computer field.
• 550,000 homes have got a PC. 82% of these have Pentium processors.
• 167,000 homes bought a new PC during last 12 months.
• 286,000 PC owning households claim to have E-mail / Internet connections. 74% of these were connected during last 12 months.

 

 

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

 

Following are some of the major findings emerging out of the household survey conducted in the eight major cities of Pakistan in the month of February / March 2001.

 

• The universe

 

The survey was conducted in Karachi, Lahore Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Peshawar and Sialkot comprising about half of the urban population of the country (i.e. about 22 million out of 46 million). The number of households in these cities is 3.41 million. The number of citizens of 5 year or more of age are 19.55 million and the citizens of 15 years or more of age are 13.6 million.

 

• Computer Literacy

 

There are about 2.38 million Computer Literate in these cities; about 84% of these are males and 16% are females. Their professional breakdown is as under:

 

Profession		Among 5+	Among 15+
Students	¾	1,404,000	1,037,000
Unemployed	¾	143,000	138,000
Employed	¾	833,000	800,000
TOTAL	¾	2,380,000	1,975,000

 

 

Their age breakdown is as under:

 

Age (5+)		Number
5 – 14 yrs	¾	405,000
15 – 20 yrs	¾	738,000
21 – 25 yrs	¾	619,000
26 – 30 yrs	¾	357,000
31 – 40 yrs	¾	190,000
> 41 yrs	¾	71,000

 

It is estimated that more than one million Computer Literate people will enter the job market during next five years.

 

 

• Level of Skills / Involvement

 

The level of skills of these employed Computer Literate (15+ yrs) and their levels of involvement with computers are said to as under:

 

	Skill / Involvement		Employed
a-	Low level (typing office work, e-mail / Internet)		33.31%
b-	Moderate level (additionally using some package)		17.42
c-	High (additionally programming, networking, hard ware etc.)		12.52
d-	Hard core (high with experience of 3 yrs or more)		5.10
e-	No formal / regular use		31.64

 

 

 

• Place of Use

 

The students (less than 15 years of age) use computers mostly at their schools and homes.

 

The places of use of computers by other Computer Literate, (above the age of 15 years) are as under:

 

Place of use (15+)		Most often	All places*
Home	¾	35%	50%
Educational Institute	¾	18	30
Office / Business	¾	19	26
Friends etc.	¾	08	20
Cyber Cafes	¾	04	11
Others	¾	00	01
No response	¾	16	09

* Multiple Response Question

It is estimated that about 375,000 computer literate most often use computers at their offices / business places. (However, 256,000 employed Computer Literate do not use Computers at their offices / professional work).

 

 

• Capabilities of Employed Computer Professionals

 

The types of work these Computer Literates (employed) claim that they can do, are doing and those who have an experience of 3 years or more are as under:

 

S#	Activity	Can do	Are doing	Experienced (³ 3 years)
1.	Typing / office work	95%	84%	175,000
2.	Games / Music / Movies	83	63	111,000
3.	Data Entry	70	56	83,000
4.	Email / Internet / Chatting	62	48	54,000
5.	Programming	33	25	40,000
6.	Hardware repair etc.	25	17	39,000
7.	Graphic designing	26	18	36,000
8.	Page composing	25	17	30,000
9.	International calling	33	23	29,000
10.	Database management	25	18	29,000
11.	Web page designing / developing	18	11	18,000
12.	Networking	12	07	12,000
13.	Software designing	11	08	17,000

 

So about 175,000 Computer Literate are estimated to be using Computers for typing / office work for the last three years or more. About 111,000 Computer Literate are using computers for games, etc. 83,000 of data entry, 54,000 of email / internet surfing, 40,000 of programming at some level, 39,000 are engaged in hardware repair, etc.

 

 

• E-mail / Internet

 

The estimated number (unduplicated) of people who avail of E-mail / Internet facilities is as under:

 

Place of use (5+)		Number (Unduplicated)
Homes	¾	586,000
Office / College etc	¾	380,000
Cyber Cafes	¾	325,000

 

It is estimated that about 1,291,000 people (5+ age group) use E-mail / Internet facilities.

 

It would be recalled that an estimated number of 890,000 Computer Literate (of 15 years or more of age) claim that they are using e-mail / internet facility.

 

 

• Source of IT knowledge

 

The sources of knowledge of the IT / computer fields in which the Computer Literates consider themselves to be proficient, are as under:

 

	Source of Education / Training		Percentage
1.	Computer Institutes	¾	38%
2.	Schools / colleges / Universities	¾	14
3.	Friends / Relatives	¾	18
4.	On the job training	¾	6
5.	Others	¾	9
6.	No response	¾	15

 

 

 

• Languages / Packages (Employed Computer Literate)

 

The following figures are based on the perceptions / claims of the people about themselves.

 

The languages / packages, claimed to be known by the employed Computer Literate, claimed to be currently working, and languages / packages in which experience of three years or more is claimed, are as under:

 

S#	Language / Package	Can work	Working	Experienced ³ 3+ Years
1.	MS Office (any part)	64%	57%	26% (119,000)
2.	MS Word	27	24	32 (61,000)
3.	MS Excel	22	17	26 (35,000)
4.	MS Power Point	12	08	24 (15,000)
5.	C++	11	07	19 (11,000)
6.	Visual Basic	08	06	26 (12,000)
7.	Fox Pro	12	07	18 (10,000)
8.	Basic	07	04	32 (10,000)
9.	Oracle	08	06	25 (12,000)
10.	Java	05	04	6* (2,000)
11.	Internet / Explorer / Netscape	04	04	14 (4,000)
12.	Cobol	06	04	5 (1,600)

 

* With some experience

 

 

• Operating Systems

 

The Computer Literate population claimed to have been working on following operating systems:

 

Operating System	Employed	Students
Windows	90%	87%
DOS	44	40
Unix	05	03

 

 

• Extent of Usage

 

One fourth of Computer Literate are light users of computers (upto 4 days), the rest are heavy users; average number of usage days for all Computer Literate being 5.4 days.

 

Similarly 61% Computer Literate claim to use the Computers for less than or equal to 3 hours a day, 27% use it more than 3 hours a day. On average Computer Literate use computers for 2.8 hours in a day. (This figure is 4.12 hours in Computer owning households).

 

• Working abroad

 

1.4% of all households, report that at least one member of their family is working abroad in computer field. On this basis, the number of people working abroad in computer field is estimated to be 50,000. 14% of the households report that at least one member of their families is planning to go abroad in next one year to work in the computer field. As per an enquiry from Computer Literates (+15 yrs), 500,000 of them are seriously considering going abroad within the next one year. These include students and people employed in other professions also.

 

 

• Profile

 

It is estimated that out of about two million Computer Literate / Users (15+ yrs), about 870,000 are students, 800,000 are employed and the rest unemployed, retired, housewives, etc.

 

 

 

About 40,000 employed Computer Literates have credit Cards and 88,000 have mobile phones with them.

 

 

Household Segment

 

 

• Computer Owning Households

 

It is estimated that about 550,000 out 3.41 million households have a computer in these eight cities.

 

• Branded / Unbranded

 

Only 44,000 of out of these 550,000 households claim to have branded computers; rest have unbranded machines.

 

• Old / New Machines

 

Nearly one third of these households purchased a second hand computer. Rest bought new machines.

 

• Aging of Newly bought machines

 

25% of these machines are 2 to 5 yrs old. 22% households claim to have acquired the machines in last 1 – 2 years, where as 44% bought their PCs during last 12 months. It is estimated that households purchased about 167,000 new machines during last 12 months.

 

• Processors

 

82% of the computers in the households (i.e. 452,000) have got Pentium processors.

 

• Processor Speed

 

The processing speed of 21% of these domestic computers is 400 – 500 MHz, 16% have a 133 – 233 MHz processors. 10% have a 300 – 400 MHz processors.

 

• RAM

 

39% of domestic computers have a RAM of 64 MB, 24% have a RAM of 32 MB, 10% have 128 MB RAM and only one percent have RAM of more than128 MB.

 

• CD Drive

 

500,000 domestic computers have a CD drive.

 

• Computer bought with Internet

 

One fourth of the domestic computers (i.e. about 38,000) are bought with E-mail / ISP connections during last 12 months.

 

• Fixed Phone

 

87% of PC owning households claim to have a landline (telephone).

 

• E-mail / Internet Facility

 

52% of Computer owning households (286,000) claim that they have E-mail / Internet facility (at homes).

 

• Service Providers

 

The popular Internet Service Providers for domestic users are as under:

 

Cyber net	¾	21%
Pak net	¾	20
WOL	¾	14
Brain Net	¾	07
Super Net	¾	07
Net Sole	¾	5
Gem Net	¾	5

 

• Aging of Accounts

 

74% of the E-mail / Internet accounts (i.e. 212000) are upto 12 months old.

 

• Usage

 

On the average 2.6 hours per day are spent on E-mail / Internet surfing by domestic computers (average use 4.12 hours / day).

 

• Monthly Expenses

 

About Rs. 715/- per month are spent on E-mail / Internet by domestic users.

 

• Purpose of E-mail / Internet usage

 

Domestic connections of e-mail / Internet are being used for the following purposes:

 

E-mail	¾	42%
Surfing	¾	39
Chatting	¾	15
Others	¾	02

 

 

• Profile of Computer Owning households

 

38% of Computer owning households avail of cable facility for satellite channels, 13% have dish and 3% are connected through lead. At least one member of 14% of such households has a Credit Card. Average monthly household income of these families is reported to be around Rs. 18,000/pm.

 

 

Presentation Tables

 

 

 

Household Incidence

and

Penetration

 

Table

Incidence of Computer Usage and

Penetration of Computers in Households

 

 

	Among 8* cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Households having computer literate members
Computer literate households	35%	1190
Computer Non-literate households	65%	2220
Computer users (5+) in computer literate HHs
Average number of males + females (5+)	2.0	2380
As a %age of All 5+ population		12%
Average number of males     (5+)	1.6	1900
As a %age of Male 5+ population		18%
Average number of  females (5+)	0.4	480
As a %age of Female 5+ population		5%
Computer Ownership among All HHs
Computer owning HHs	16 %	550
Non-owning HHs	84 %	2860
Computer Users (5+) in Computer Owning HHs
Average number of M+F (5+) users in computer owning HH	2.49	1370
Average number of Males (5+) users in computer owning HH	1.96	1078
Average number of Females (5+) users in computer owning HH	0.53	292
Computer was present in past among non-owning Hhs
Yes	2 %	60
No	98%	2800

 

Base : No. of HHs in 8 selected cities	3410 thousands
Base : Population of 8 selected cities (all ages)	22470 thousands
Base : 5+ population of 8 selected cities (87% of above)	19550 thousands (10360 males, 9190 females)

 

*      This study was carried out in major cities namely Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Sialkot, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar.

 

**   A straight forward growth rate of 2.61% per annum was applied on the 1998 population figures of these 8 selected cities to get the projected figures for year 2001.

 

Table

Reasons of Not Acquiring (Owning) Computers

and Purchase Intent in Households among Computer Using HHs

 

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Reasons among non-owing but computer literate  Households
Computer is expensive	20%	128
Less buying power / resources	42%	269
Do not feel the need	30%	192
Others	4%	26
No response	4%	26
Purchase intent in next 1 year among non-owing households
Definitely would buy	13%	370
Probably would buy	25%	720
Definitely would not buy	59%	1770

 

Base: Computer literate but non-owning Households	640 thousands
Base: Computer non-owning Households	2860 thousands

 

Table

Computer Education, Literacy and Migration

 

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Willing to give computer education to children
Yes	78 %
No	22 %
Households with atleast one member working abroad among all households
In computer field / business	1.4%	50 millions
In other fields / business	6.6 %	230 millions
No one abroad	92 %	3130 millions
Households with atleast one member planning to go abroad in Computer field in next 1 year
Yes	14 %	480 millions
No	86 %	2930 millions

 

Base: Total number of households in 8 selected cities

3410 thousands

 

Table

Media and Lifestyle of Computer literate

And Computer Owning Households

 

	Among All   HHs	Among Computer literate HHs	Among Computer Owning HHs
Newspaper
Purchasing Hhs – Daily	32%	50%	63%
Purchasing Hhs – Occasionally	20	26	22
Non-purchasing Hhs	48	24	15
TV Ownership
Owning Hhs	82%	91%	95%
Non-owning HHs	18	9	5
Satellite channels source Among TV owning Hhs
Cable	24%	32%	38%
Dish	7	9	13
Lead	5	4	3
None	64	55	46
Telephone Ownership
Land Phone	42%	65%	76%
Mobile Phone	1	2	2
Both Land & Mobile Phone	3	7	11
None	54	26	11
Credit Card Ownership
Credit Card owning Hhs	4%	9%	14%
Non-owning Hhs	96	91	86
Any Persons Working Abroad
Yes	8%	15%	19%
No	92	85	81
Average no. of persons working abroad	1.5	1.5	1.5
Children’s Education
All in English medium	32%	45%	49%
All in Urdu medium	29	17	9
Some in English & some in Urdu medium	7	8	5
No child or children not of school going age	32	30	37

 

Base: Number of households in 8 selected cities

3410 thousands

1190 thousands

550 thousands

Table

Profile of Computer Literate and computer owning households

 

	Among All   HHs	Among Computer literate HHs	Among Computer Owning HHs
No. of Earners at home
One	51%	48%	47%
Two	29	30	30
Three or more	17	19	21
No response	3	3	2
Average	1.8	1.8	1.9
Household Monthly Income
Upto Rs. 6,000	36%	15%	6%
Rs. 6,001 – 10,000	29	29	20
Rs. 10,001 – 20,000	20	33	37
> Rs. 20,000	7	12	24
Refused	8	11	13
Average Monthly Income	Rs. 9983	Rs. 14027	Rs. 17978

 

Base: Number of households in 8 Selected cities

3410 thousands

1190 thousands

550 thousands

 

 

 

 

 

Information about

The Computer in Home

 

Table

Type, Period, Processor, Speed and RAM of Computer in Homes

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Type of Computer
Unbranded	92%	506
Branded	8	44
New Vs 2nd Hand
New	69%	380
Second hand	31	171
Period of Purchase Among New Only
Upto 1 year	44%	167
1 – 2 years	22	84
2 – 5 years	25	95
> 5 years	9	34
No response	—	—
Processors
286 / 386 / 486 / 586	11%	61
Pentium – I	31	171
Pentium – II	25	138
Pentium – III	26	143
Pentium – IV	0	—
Others	5	28
No response	2	11
Processor Speed
Upto 133 MHz	10%	55
133 – 233 MHz	16	88
233 – 300 MHz	6	33
300 – 400 MHz	10	55
400 – 500 MHz	21	116
500 – 600 MHz	8	44
> 600 MHz	8	44
No response	21	116
RAM
Upto 16 MB	10%	55
Upto 32 MB	24	132
Upto 48 MB	1	6
Upto 64 MB	39	215
Upto 128 MB	10	55
More than 128 MB	1	6
No response	17	94
Base : Computer owning households in 8 selected cities		550 thousands

 

Table

Computer with CD Drive and Internet / E-mail Connection

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Computer with CD Drive
Yes	91%	501
No	9	49
Internet Connections When New Computer Purchased During Last Year	Base=167,000
Yes	23%	38
No	77	129
Computer with Internet / E-mail Connection – Current Situation
Only e-mail	2%	11
Internet / both	50	275
None	48	264

 

Base : Computer owning households in 8 selected cities

550 thousands

 

Table

Internet Access, ISPs and Period of Use,

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Internet Access
Through Telephone lines	97%	277
Through Cables	3	9
Top 7 ISPs
Cybernet	21%	60
Pak net	20	57
W.O.L. (World on line)	14	40
Brain net	7	20
Super net	7	20
Net Sole	5	14
Gem net	5	14
Length of Using Internet
Upto 1 year	74%	212
1 – 2 years	13	37
2 – 5 years	7	20
> 5 years	2	6
No response	4	11
Average in years	0.9 years

 

Base: Internet / E-mail owning households in 8 selected cities

286 thousands

Table

Monthly Charges of Internet and Average Monthly Hours Spent

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Monthly Charges
Upto Rs. 250	14%	40
Rs. 251 – 500	29	83
Rs. 501 – 750	10	29
Rs. 751 – 1000	10	29
> Rs. 1000	16	46
No response	21	60
Average monthly expense (in Rs.)	Rs. 715	204 millions Rs.
Monthly Hours Spending
Upto 10 hours	13%	37
11 – 20 hours	12	34
21 – 30 hours	11	31
31 – 50 hours	14	40
> 50 hours	24	69
No response	26	74
Average monthly consumption (in hours)	77 hours	22 million hours

 

Base: Internet / E-mail owning households in 8 selected cities

286 thousands

 

Table

Computer and Internet / E-mail Users in Households and

Average Number of Hours Computer Used in Households

 

	Among 8 cities
	Average	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Average Hours Computer is used in households
In working days (Avg. per working day)	4.12 hrs
In holidays (Avg. per holiday)	4.98 hrs
Internet / E-mail users in Internet / E-mail Owning households
Average number of M+F users per Internet owning HHs	2.05	586
Average number of Males users per Internet owning HHs	1.73	495
Average number of Females users per Internet owning HHs	0.32	91
Internet Users Using Internet in Institutions Among Computer Literate Households (Unduplicated)
Average number of M+F users per computer literate HHs	0.44	524
Average number of Males users per computer literate HHs	0.41	488
Average number of Females users per computer literate HHs	0.03	36
Internet User Using Internet Cyber Cafes (Duplicated)
Average number of M+F users per computer literate HHs	0.33	393
Average number of Males users per computer literate HHs	0.32	381
Average number of Females users per computer literate HHs	0.01	12
Estimated Number of Internet/Email Users  (Unduplicated)	586+325+380 =	1291 thousands

 

Base: Computer owning households	550 thousands
Base: Internet / E-mail owning households	286 thousands
Base: Computer literate households	1190 thousands

 

Table

Purpose and Use of Computers in Households

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Use of Computers in Computer Owning Households*
For Internet / E-mail	52%	286
For Education purposes	81	232
Typing / Office work / Official purposes	60	172
Games	65	186
Film / Movie / Music	52	149
Others	1	6
Purpose of Internet / Email in Internet / E-mail Owning HHs
For e-mail only	8%	23
For internet surfing only	3	9
For both email / internet surfing	89	255
Most Often Use of Internet in Households
Chatting	15%	43
Surfing	39	112
E-mail	42	120
Others	2	6
No response	1	3
2nd Most Often Use of Internet in Households
Chatting	17%	49
Surfing	36	103
E-mail	37	106
Others	1	3
No response	8	23

 

Base: Computer owning households	550 thousands
Base: Internet / E-mail owning households	286 thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

 

 

Detailed information about

Computer Users of Age 15 or Above

 

Table

Places, Frequency and Per Day Duration of Using Computers

(All Working + Non Working Class)

	Among 8 cities (Among all computer users of Age 15+)
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Place of Using Computer*
At own home	50%	988
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	20	395
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	30	593
Office / Shop / Business place etc	26	514
Internet / Cyber café etc.	11	217
Others	1	20
No response	9	178
Most Often Place of Use
At own home	35%	691
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	8	158
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	18	356
Office / Shop / Business place etc	19	375
Internet / Cyber café etc.	4	79
Others	0	—
No response	16	316
Frequency of Use
Daily (7 days in a week)	35%	691
5 – 6 days in a week	29	573
3 – 4 days in a week	15	296
1 – 2 days in a week	9	178
No response	12	237
Average number of days computer is used in a week	5.4
Duration of Use– Per Day
Upto 1 hour in a day	21%	415
1 – 2 hours in a day	26	514
2 – 3 hours in a day	14	277
3 – 5 hours in a day	13	257
5 – 8 hours in a day	11	217
> 8 hours in a day	3	59
No response	11	217
Avg. hours per day	2.8
Base: Computer users / Literates (15+) in 8 selected cities		1975 thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Places, Frequency and Per Day Duration of Using Computers

(Working Class)

	Among 8 cities (Among all employed computer users of Age 15+)
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Place of Using Computer*
At own home	47%	376
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	18	144
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	15	120
Office / Shop / Business place etc	59	472
Internet / Cyber café etc.	8	64
Others	1	8
No response	3	24
Most Often Place of Use
At own home	26%	208
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	8	64
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	9	72
Office / Shop / Business place etc	45	360
Internet / Cyber café etc.	3	24
Others	—	—
No response	9	72
Frequency of Use
Daily (7 days in a week)	35%	280
5 – 6 days in a week	39	312
3 – 4 days in a week	12	96
1 – 2 days in a week	10	80
No response	4	32
Average number of days computer is used in a week	5.5
Duration of Use– Per Day
Upto 1 hour in a day	17%	136
1 – 2 hours in a day	24	192
2 – 3 hours in a day	14	112
3 – 5 hours in a day	17	136
5 – 8 hours in a day	21	168
> 8 hours in a day	5	40
No response	3	24
Avg. hours per day	3.8
Base: Employed computer users / Literates (15+) in 8 selected cities		800 thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Places, Frequency and Per Day Duration of Using Computers

(Students)

	Among 8 cities (Among computer literate students of Age 15+)
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Place of Using Computer*
At own home	59%	612
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	24	249
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	50	519
Office / Shop / Business place etc	4	41
Internet / Cyber café etc.	17	176
Others	1	10
No response	1	10
Most Often Place of Use
At own home	45%	467
Friend / Relative / Neighbour’s home	8	83
School/Colleges/University/Institution etc.	29	301
Office / Shop / Business place etc	2	21
Internet / Cyber café etc.	6	62
Others	—	—
No response	9	819
Frequency of Use
Daily (7 days in a week)	41%	425
5 – 6 days in a week	26	270
3 – 4 days in a week	18	187
1 – 2 days in a week	11	114
No response	5	456
Average number of days computer is used in a week	5.4
Duration of Use– Per Day
Upto 1 hour in a day	28%	290
1 – 2 hours in a day	31	321
2 – 3 hours in a day	17	176
3 – 5 hours in a day	12	124
5 – 8 hours in a day	5	52
> 8 hours in a day	2	21
No response	4	41
Avg. hours per day	2.5
Base: Computer users / Literate students  (15+) in 8 selected cities		1037thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Able to do the Different Works / Activities

Through Computers

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Activities / Works*
Typing / Office work	95%	760
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	83	664
Data entry	70	560
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	62	496
Programming	33	264
International calling	33	264
Database management	25	200
Graphic designing	26	208
Page composing	25	200
Hardware work	25	200
Web page designing / Developing	18	144
Networking / Network Engineering	12	96
Software designing	11	88

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

* :  This is a multiple response question therefore sum of percentage may exceed 100.

 

Table

Able to do the Different Works / Activities

Through Computers

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Activities / Works*
Typing / Office work	89%	923
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	90	933
Data entry	61	633
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	61	633
Programming	35	363
International calling	27	280
Database management	21	218
Graphic designing	22	228
Page composing	18	187
Hardware work	16	166
Web page designing / Developing	18	187
Networking / Network Engineering	11	114
Software designing	11	114

 

Base: Computer users / literate students (15+)

1037 thousands

* :  This is a multiple response question therefore sum of percentage may exceed 100

 

Table

Works / Activities Currently Doing

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Activities / Works*
Typing / Office work	84%	672
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	63	528
Data entry	56	360
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	48	384
Programming	25	200
International calling	23	184
Graphic designing	18	144
Database management	18	144
Page composing	17	136
Hardware work	17	136
Web page designing / developing	11	88
Software designing / Developing	8	64
Networking / Network Engineering	7	56
No response	6	48

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentage may exceed 100.

 

Table

Works / Activities Currently Doing

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Activities / Works*
Typing / Office work	74%	767
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	77	798
Data entry	43	446
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	50	519
Programming	25	259
International calling	19	197
Graphic designing	17	176
Database management	13	135
Page composing	13	135
Hardware work	12	124
Web page designing / developing	13	135
Software designing / Developing	8	83
Networking / Network Engineering	7	73
No response	6	62

 

Base: Computer users / literate students (15+) in 8 selected cities

1037 thousands

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentage may exceed 100.

 

Table

Skills Level on Different Works on Computer

Among Those Who are Currently Working

(Working Class)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Able to work (‘000’)	Row Percentages Skill Levels
		High	Moderate	Low	No response
Activities / Works
Typing / Office work	672	55%	36%	7%	1%
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	528	71	22	6	2
Data entry	360	57	35	6	2
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	384	59	34	6	2
Programming	200	39	46	11	4
International calling	184	66	29	4	1
Graphic designing	144	52	38	7	3
Database management	144	36	53	6	4
Page composing	136	69	27	2	2
Hardware work	136	39	51	9	2
Web page designing /Developing	88	46	41	11	2
Software designing /Developing	64	48	42	10	—
Networking / Network Engineering	56	54	38	8	—

 

Table

Skills Level on Different Works on Computer

Among Those Who are Currently Working

(Students)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Able to work (‘000’)	Row Percentages Skill Levels
		High	Moderate	Low	No response
Activities / Works
Typing / Office work	767	43%	45%	12%	1%
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	798	65	25	7	3
Data entry	446	49	40	10	1
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	519	56	34	6	4
Programming	259	30	54	14	2
International calling	197	66	31	4	4
Graphic designing	176	27	56	16	1
Database management	135	27	54	15	4
Page composing	135	45	40	12	3
Hardware work	124	47	43	9	2
Web page designing /Developing	135	38	57	4	0
Software designing /Developing	83	35	45	21	—
Networking / Network Engineering	73	45	39	14	2

 

Table

Practical Experience Among Those Who are Currently Doing

Different Works of Computers

(Working Class)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Currently working (‘000’)	Row Percentages				Average
		Upto 1 Year	1 – 3 years	> 3 years	None	Experience in a year
Activities / Works
Typing / Office work	672	39%	34%	26%	0%	2.8
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	528	42	35	21	2	2.3
Data entry	360	43	33	23	1	2.5
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	384	46	37	14	3	1.9
Programming	200	43	34	20	4	2.3
International calling	184	48	35	16	2	2.0
Graphic designing	144	34	35	25	6	2.6
Database management	144	43	34	20	4	2.3
Page composing	136	36	36	22	7	2.3
Hardware work	136	37	31	29	3	2.5
Web page designing	88	55	19	21	5	2.0
Software designing / Developing	64	39	25	26	10	2.3
Networking / Network Engineering	56	39	38	21	2	2.1

 

Table

Practical Experience Among Those Who are Currently Doing

Different Works of Computers

(Students)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Currently working (‘000’)	Row Percentages				Average
		Upto 1 Year	1 – 3 years	> 3 years	None	Experience in a year
Activities / Works
Typing / Office work	767	67%	24%	8%	1%	1.3
Entertainment (Games / Movies / Music)	798	59	28	9	5	1.5
Data entry	446	67	22	8	3	1.3
Internet / Chatting / E-mail	519	63	26	5	6	1.2
Programming	259	62	25	6	7	1.2
International calling	197	60	30	3	7	1.2
Graphic designing	176	61	30	5	5	1.2
Database management	135	62	22	9	7	1.2
Page composing	135	64	26	6	4	1.2
Hardware work	124	45	32	12	11	1.5
Web page designing	135	58	30	6	5	1.2
Software designing / Developing	83	55	30	7	8	1.3
Networking / Network Engineering	73	52	29	13	6	1.5

 

Table

Able to Work on Different Languages /

Packages / Softwares etc

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities (Among Employed Computer Users of Age 15+)
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Language / Package / Software*
MS Office (Any)	64%	512
MS Word	27	216
MS Excel	22	176
MS Power Point	12	96
C++	11	88
Visual Basic	8	64
FoxPro	12	96
Basic	7	56
Oracle	8	64
Java	5	40
Cobol	6	48
Internet  / Internet Explorer / Netscape	4	32
No response	4	32

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

 

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Able to Work on Different Languages /

Packages / Softwares etc

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities (Among All Computer Users of Age 15+)
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Language / Package / Software*
MS Office (Any)	56%	581
MS Word	26	270
MS Excel	18	187
MS Power Point	9	93
C++	17	176
Visual Basic	9	93
FoxPro	5	52
Basic	10	104
Oracle	6	62
Java	7	73
Cobol	3	31
Internet  / Internet Explorer / Netscape	7	73
No response	4	41

 

Base: Computer users / literate students (15+) in 8 selected cities

1037 thousands

 

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Languages / Packages / Softwares

Currently Using (Working on)

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Language / Package / Software*
MS Office (Any)	57%	456
MS Word	24	192
MS Excel	17	136
MS Power Point	8	64
C++	7	56
Visual Basic	6	48
FoxPro	7	56
Basic	4	32
Oracle	6	48
Java	4	32
Cobol	4	32
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	4	32
No response	21	168

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

 

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Languages / Packages / Softwares

Currently Using (Working on)

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Language / Package / Software*
MS Office (Any)	51%	529
MS Word	23	239
MS Excel	15	156
MS Power Point	6	62
C++	13	135
Visual Basic	8	83
FoxPro	4	41
Basic	7	73
Oracle	5	52
Java	6	62
Cobol	2	21
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	7	73
No response	20	207

 

Base: Computer users / literate students (15+) in 8 selected cities

1037 thousands

 

* :  Multiple response question therefore sum of percentages may exceed 100.

 

Table

Skills Level on Different Languages / Packages / Softwares

Among Those Who are Currently Working on These

(Working Class)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Able to work (‘000’)	Row Percentages Skill Level
		High	Moderate	Low	No response
Languages / Software / Packages
MS Office (Any)	456	52%	43%	4%	1%
MS Word	192	67	33	0	—
MS Excel	136	41	55	4	—
MS Power Point	64	46	49	4	—
C++	56	36%	56%	6%	3%
Visual Basic	48	49	51	—	—
FoxPro	56	57	38	5	—
Basic	32	54	43	2	—
Oracle	48	45	52	3	—
Java	32	40	50	10	—
Cobol	32	29	61	10	—
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	32	61	32	7	—

 

Table

Skills Level on Different Languages / Packages / Softwares

Among Those Who are Currently Working on These

(Students)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Able to work (‘000’)	Row Percentages Skill Level
		High	Moderate	Low	No response
Languages / Software / Packages
MS Office (Any)	529	41%	49%	8%	1%
MS Word	239	43	45	12	—
MS Excel	156	30	60	9	2
MS Power Point	62	36	56	9	—
C++	135	27%	52%	21%	—
Visual Basic	83	24	59	16	—
FoxPro	41	13	67	20	—
Basic	73	34	51	8	7
Oracle	52	23	72	3	1
Java	62	22	52	25	—
Cobol	21	19	69	11	—
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	73	52	38	9	—

 

Table

Practical Experience on Different Computer Languages / Packages /

Softwares Among Those Who are Currently Using on These

(Working Class)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Currently Working (‘000’)	Row Percentages				Average
		Upto 1 Year	1 – 3 years	> 3 years	None	Experience in a year
Languages/ Packages/ Softwares
MS Office (Any)	456	42%	31%	26%	2%	2.6
MS Word	192	33	33	32	2	3.1
MS Excel	136	41	33	26	—	2.6
MS Power Point	64	61	15	24	—	2.4
C++	56	53%	25%	19%	3%	2.1
Visual Basic	48	22	48	26	3	2.6
FoxPro	56	34	48	18	—	2.4
Basic	32	23	45	32	—	3.4
Oracle	48	51	24	25	—	2.3
Java	32	69	25	6	—	1.2
Cobol	32	69	26	5	—	2.2
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	32	41	41	14	5	1.9

 

Table

Practical Experience on Different Computer Languages / Packages /

Softwares Among Those Who are Currently Using on These

(Students)

 

		Among 8 cities
	Estimated numbers Who are Currently Working (‘000’)	Row Percentages				Average
		Upto 1 Year	1 – 3 years	> 3 years	None	Experience in a year
Languages/ Packages/ Softwares
MS Office (Any)	529	68%	23%	5%	3%	1.2
MS Word	239	75	16	4	5	1.0
MS Excel	156	75	16	4	4	1.1
MS Power Point	62	83	12	5	—	1.0
C++	135	68%	23%	9%	0%	1.2
Visual Basic	83	74	12	5	9	0.9
FoxPro	41	85	15	—	—	0.6
Basic	73	61	39	—	—	1.5
Oracle	52	75	19	—	6	0.8
Java	62	61	27	2	10	1.0
Cobol	21	54	36	—	10	1.3
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	73	75	21	—	4	0.9

 

Table

Most Skilled Work / Package / Language

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Most Skilled Work / Language / Package
MS Office (Any)	42%	336
MS Word	14	112
MS Excel	5	40
MS Power Point	0.4	3
C++	3%	24
Visual Basic	2	16
FoxPro	3	24
Basic	2	16
Oracle	2	16
Java	0.8	6
Cobol	0.6	5
Windows	6%	48
DOS	1.1	9
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	3	24
No response	14	112

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

 

Table

Most Skilled Work / Package / Language

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Most Skilled Work / Language / Package
MS Office (Any)	38%	394
MS Word	14	145
MS Excel	4	41
MS Power Point	1.1	11
C++	6%	62
Visual Basic	3	31
FoxPro	1	10
Basic	4	41
Oracle	2	21
Java	1.0	10
Cobol	0.2	2
Windows	5%	52
DOS	1.3	13
Internet / Internet Explorer / Netscape	4	41
No response	13	135

 

Base: Computer users / literate students (15+) in 8 selected cities

1037 thousands

 

Table

From Where the Education and Training of

Most Skilled Work Acquired

 

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age All	%age Working Class	%age Students
Institution / Place
From computer institutes	38%	41%	41%
From Friends / Relatives	18	19	18
From School / College / University	14	7	23
On Job training	6	14	—
Others	9	10	10
No response	15	9	9

 

Table

Able to Work on Operating Systems

And Currently Working on Operating Systems

(Working Class)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Able to Work on
Windows	94%	752
DOS	73	584
Unix	8	64
AS 400	2	16
Others	4	32
No response	3	24
Currently Working on
Windows	90%	720
DOS	44	352
Unix	5	40
AS 400	1	8
Others	3	24
No response	7	56

 

Base: Employed computer users (15+) in 8 selected cities

800 thousands

 

Table

Able to Work on Operating Systems

And Currently Working on Operating Systems

(Students)

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Able to Work on
Windows	90%	933
DOS	67	695
Unix	6	62
AS 400	—	—
Others	2	21
No response	3	31
Currently Working on
Windows	87%	902
DOS	40	415
Unix	3	31
AS 400	0	—
Others	1	10
No response	8	83

 

Base: Computer user  / literate students (15+) in 8 selected cities

1037 thousands

 

Table

Credit Card, Mobile Phone Ownership and Intention to Work Abroad

Among Computer Users (age of 15+ or above)

 

	Among 8 cities
	Among All Computer Literates	Among Working Class	Among Students
Credit Card Ownership
Owners	3%	5%	2%
Non-owners	97	96	98
Mobile Phone Ownership
Owners	6%	11%	4%
Non-owners	94	89	96
Intention to work abroad in Computer Field in Next 1 Year
Very much intended	26%	31%	27%
Some what intended	14	17	13
Not at all intended	43	43	50
No response	17	10	10

 

Base: Computer users (15+) in selected cities

1975 thousands

800 thousands

1037 thousands

 

Table

Credit Card, Mobile Phone Ownership and Intention to Work Abroad

Among Computer Users (age of 15+ or above)

 

	Among 8 cities
	Among all Computer Users	Among Computer Owning Users	Among all Computer Non-Owning Users
Credit Card Ownership
Owners	3%	4%	2%
Non-owners	97	96	98
Mobile Phone Ownership
Owners	6%	9%	3%
Non-owners	94	91	97
Intention to work abroad in Computer Field in Next 1 Year
Very much intended	26%	26%	27%
Some what intended	14	14	14
Not at all intended	43	45	40
No response	17	15	20

 

Base: Computer users (15+) in selected cities

1975 thousands

869 thousands

1106 thousands

 

Table

Classification of Employed Computer Literate in Terms of

Use of Computers in Their Official Works

 

 

	Among 8 cities
	%age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Classification of Users
Low level
(persons using computer for their typing / office work internet/ e-mail purpose only)	33.31%	266
Moderate level
(beside the common use of computer like typing, internet / email. Persons using any other package software etc.)	17.42%	137
High Level	12.52	100
(additional using some package or working in any language / programming etc. with experience of less than 3 years)
Hardcore Computer Professionals	5.10%	41
(persons working on any language, involved in software designing, programming, networking or hardware etc with experience of 3 years or more)
No use of computer in their official work	31.64%	256
(persons not using computer for their official works)

 

Base: Computer users (15+) working in any organization / business (41% of 1975)

800 thousands

 

Table

Profile of Computer Users of Age 5 or More

 

	Among 8 cities
	% age	Estimated numbers in (‘000’) Projected figure
Gender
Male	84%	1999
Female	16	381
Age
5 – 10 years	7%	167
11 – 14 years	10	238
15 – 20 years	31	738
21 – 25 years	26	619
26 – 30 years	15	357
31 – 40 years	8	190
>40 years	3	71
Education
Below matric	15%	357
Matric	13	309
Intermediate	26	619
Graduate	25	595
Post graduate including professionals	14	333
*Computer certificate /Diploma /Degree etc.	7	167
Occupation
Service	30%	714
Business	6	143
Students	59	1404
Unemployed	4	95
Housewife	2	48

 

Base: Computer users (Age 5 or above) in 8 selected cities

2380 thousands

 

* :  In case of Computer Education basic Education was not asked.

 

Table

Profile of Computer Literate Households

 

	Among 8 cities
	Among all Computer Literate HHs	Among Computer Owning Literate HHs	Among Computer Non-Owning Literate HHs
Type of House
Ordinary home	76%	77%	75%
Flat / Apartments	24	23	25
Own Vs. Rented House
Own	78%	79%	77%
Rented	12	11	14
Others	5	5	5
No response	5	5	4
Type of Family
Nuclear family	42%	44%	41%
Joint family	58	56	59
Ownership of Durables
Washing machine	92%	96%	90%
Refrigerator	84	89	79
Tape recorder	81	87	76
Ordinary camera	61	72	52
Motorcycle	54	61	48
CD players	37	59	19
Food factory	31	38	26
Flat Screen TV	29	37	22
Car	28	46	14
Microwave oven	26	37	18
Deep freezer	26	34	20
Air conditioner	25	42	12
Printers	13	28	1
Scanners	8	16	2
Digital / JPG camera	4	8	0
Refused	4	3	6

 

Base: No. of households

1190 thousands

550 thousands

640 thousands

* :  The ownership of Flat Screen TV was asked. However the results shows that more than 80%

computer literate households own a TV.